A custom for foreign nationals to land troops and keep troops in the international settlement when disorders broke out or when there was threatened trouble by reason of Chinese internal dis-order. As for instance, when the Kuomintang Army advanced from Nanking in the direction of Shanghai in 1925. In 1932 when trouble was brewing, the Japanese took it upon themselves to advance at night in the direction of certain Chinese troops and allegedly in performance of guard duty which they, as part of the international settlement guards, had been called upon to perform. The international settlement Japanese civilians were menaced by the Chinese, it was claimed, and certainly their goods were boycotted by the Chinese, and this was the real reason for the commencement of trouble in January 1932. Col. Thos. H. Morrow