The accused Oshima gives the following testimony: (I quote from Exhibit No 487) ?Ç£Following this, while there were no secret pacts in 1937, the German Army and the Japanese Army agreed to furnish each other with intelligence about the Russian military. In this regard it was decided to intensify the use of white Russians who had already been used quite a bit. . .?Ç¥ The effectiveness of the anti-comintern pact as regards the U.S.S.R. consists of a system of actions taken by Japan and Germany which encircled the Soviet Union. These actions took place from November 1936 to September 1940, i.e. prior to the conclusion of the Tripartite pact, and they were as follows: February 20, 1938 ?Çô Hitler recognized Manchouquo and congratulated Japan with victory. March 11, 1938 ?Çô German troops occupied Austria, and in March Austria was incorporated into the Reich. March 15, 1939 ?Çô German troops occupied Czechoslovakia, and on March, 16 established protectorate over Czechia and Moravia.